Restriction enzymes, also called restriction endonucleases , are molecular scissors that cut DNA at specific sequences . This technique...

PCR, or Polymerase Chain Reaction , is one of the most important techniques in molecular biology. It allows scientists to amplify small...

Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules  found in bacteria that replicate independently of chromosomal DNA. Isolating plasmids is a...

Agarose gel electrophoresis is a fundamental technique  in molecular biology used to separate DNA, RNA, or proteins based on size . By...

DNA extraction is one of the most fundamental techniques in molecular biology. It allows scientists to isolate DNA from cells  so they...

Tiny But Mighty Microbes are tiny living organisms — bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa — that are too small to be seen with the...

What is Molecular Biology? Molecular biology is the branch of science that explores the molecular foundations of life . It studies how...

Why Cell Culture Matters Cell culture is the process of growing cells in a controlled environment outside of their natural setting —...